See кум in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kum",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kum"
],
[
"қум",
"қум#Shor"
],
[
"қумақ",
"қумақ#Shor"
],
[
"хум",
"хум#Khakas"
],
[
"қум",
"қум#Chulym"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Western_Yugur"
],
[
"кум",
"кум#Tuvan"
],
[
"һум",
"һум#Tofa"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "clw",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Chulym қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "һум",
"tr": "hum"
},
"expansion": "Tofa һум (hum)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "atv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 1 0 9 1 1 13 13 1 0 7 9 4 4 0 1 1 0 13 13 1 0 4 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 2 0 8 1 1 11 11 0 0 10 13 6 4 0 1 1 0 11 11 0 0 6 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-atv-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kubak",
"word": "кубак"
},
{
"roman": "kuvak",
"word": "кувак"
}
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Christianity",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people",
"uk:Wolves"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kum",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kum"
],
[
"қум",
"қум#Shor"
],
[
"қумақ",
"қумақ#Shor"
],
[
"хум",
"хум#Khakas"
],
[
"қум",
"қум#Chulym"
],
[
"qum",
"qum#Western_Yugur"
],
[
"кум",
"кум#Tuvan"
],
[
"һум",
"һум#Tofa"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "clw",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Chulym қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "һум",
"tr": "hum"
},
"expansion": "Tofa һум (hum)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "atv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kubak",
"word": "кубак"
},
{
"roman": "kuvak",
"word": "кувак"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Altai lemmas",
"Northern Altai nouns",
"Northern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Northern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кум meaning in Northern Altai (2.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Northern Altai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.